Strategies That Capitalize On An Organizations Strengths Marketing Essay

Techniques That Capitalize On An Organizations Strengths Marketing Essay A SWOT Analysis is utilized to create techniques that profit by an associations qualities, limit the impacts of any shortcomings, abuse accessible chances and safeguard against dangers. Executing these methodologies prompts accomplishing the associations destinations. SWOT examination takes a gander at your qualities and shortcomings, and the chances and dangers your business faces. By concentrating on the key elements influencing your business, presently and later on, a SWOT examination gives an unmistakable premise to looking at your business execution and possibilities. Presentation General Motors Corporation is the universes biggest automaker organization established in 1908 which Utilizes around 326, 999 individuals around the globe with its central station in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Established in Flint, Michigan as a holding organization for Buick, at that point constrained by William C. Durant and gained Oldsmobile soon thereafter. The next year, Durant got Cadillac, Elmore and Oakland. In 1909, General Motors gained the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the antecedent of GMC Truck. A Rapid turned into the main truck to vanquish Pikes Peak in 1909. Durant lost control of GM in 1910 to the companys brokers, as a result of the huge measure of obligation taken on in its acquisitions. GM holds the greatest offer in GM Daewoo Auto Technology Co. of South Korea and has item, powertrain and buying joint efforts with Suzuki Motor Corp. furthermore, Isuzu Motors Ltd. of Japan. The organization likewise has cutting edge innovation association with Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan, DaimlerChrysler AG and BMW AG of Germany, and vehicle fabricating Ventures with a few automakers around the globe, including Toyota, Suzuki, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation of China, AVTOVAZ of Russia and Renault SA of France. GM alongside its vital accomplices makes trucks vehicles in 31 nations, and the vehicles through these notable brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, FAW, GMC, Daewoo, Holden, Jiefang, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling. China is known to be the biggest national market, trailed by the U.S., Brazil, Germany, U.K., Canada, Italy. General Motors Company creates, delivers, and markets vehicles, trucks, and parts around the world. The organization offers its items under the brand names of Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Daewoo, Holden, Opel, Isuzu, Vauxhall, Jiefang, FAW, and Wuling. The companys vehicles, trucks, and parts are advertised through retail sellers in North America, and through merchants and vendors outside of North America. Notwithstanding the items it offers to its vendors for shopper retail deals, the organization additionally offers vehicles and trucks to armada clients, including day by day rental vehicle organizations, business armada clients, renting organizations, and governments. As of December 31, 2009, the organization had 5,619 vehicle sellers in the U.S.; 568 in Canada; and 263 in Mexico. Furthermore, there were an aggregate of 14,317 conveyance outlets all through the remainder of the world. Noteworthy Events In February 2010, the organization finished the offer of Saab Automobile AB to Spyker Cars NV. In September 2009, the organization chose to unwind the Saturn brand and vendor arrange. On August 18, 2010, General Motors Corporation is teaming up with SAIC Motor Corporation. The coordinated effort is focused at creating 1.0 liter and 1.5 liter motors for little vehicles. On August 26, 2010, General Motors Company has teamed up with Bright Automotive, Inc. The joint effort is focused at offering an electric business armada vehicle. In October 2010, General Motors Company had set up a trade-in vehicle joint endeavor with Shanghai Automation Instrumentation Co., Ltd. to venture into an undiscovered fragment of the universes greatest auto advertise. Crucial vision GM is one of the regarded auto organizations on the planet. It has an assortment of items that guarantee that the organization is faring admirably in the market. The companys base camp is situated in New York, United States and anticipates building up an outlet in each nation of the world. Item examinations The arranging procedure is looking on how the GM items are faring on the planet auto showcase. The presence of the organization in the market depends on a broad examination that was done in the European market which shows that there is still enormous undiscovered market potential in the vehicle business in Europe and different pieces of the world. The GM Company spends significant time in Designing and creation of cars, trucks, trains, and related parts, for example, case, insides, drivetrains, and gadgets (Brandi, 2007). The organization representatives in excess of 205,000 individuals in each significant locale of the world and works together in exactly 157 nations. GM and its vital accomplices make vehicles and trucks in 31 nations of the world. The SWOT examination of General Motors is given beneath. Qualities 1. Enormous Market Share Despite the fact that GMs piece of the pie in the US has dropped it is still particularly serious at 26 percent. They likewise have an expanding share in the Chinese market. With the correct choices there is no explanation behind GM to not turn into the car head it used to be. 2. Worldwide Experience As clarified above even with GMs late decrease they despite everything have the piece of the pie and the experience to bob back. They have been an overall organization for about a century now and have set up themselves as the worldwide pioneer for the greater part of them. On the off chance that you review I referenced over that a current open door for GM is to extend all inclusive and as should be obvious they as of now have the experience to do as such. It is simply an issue of the right arranging and legitimate execution of those plans that will chose whether or not GMs objectives are accomplished. 3. Assortment of Brand Names GM as I referenced has been the car head for most of the only remaining century. A huge explanation behind that is the wide assortment of value brand names that intrigue to all objective markets. The current GM brands include: Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, Pontiac, Saturn, Hummer, Saab, Daewoo, Opel, and Holden. 4. GMAC Customer Financing Program Since its foundation in 1919 it has demonstrated to be GMs most solid wellspring of income. 5. OnStar Satellite Technology Created in 1996 OnStar at present has more than 3 million endorsers and is standard on all GM vehicles. This innovation permits the vehicles to be followed in case of a crisis or robbery. It additionally permits the driver as well as travelers the capacity to speak with OnStar work force at the snap of a catch. Shortcomings 1. Behind on Alternative Energy Movement This is GMs greatest shortcoming. The elective vitality/cross breed pattern has started to happen in the car business and GM has been one stage behind the opposition regarding elective vitality vehicles. This has prompted numerous issues remembering loss of piece of the overall industry and a diminishing for organization benefit. All together for any car organization to be effective starting now and into the foreseeable future they should be Hybrid well disposed and eco-friendly. 2. Poor Organizational Structure As should be obvious in display 1 of the case GMs authoritative structure is by all accounts excessively vertically incorporated. This causes an absence of correspondence between representatives start to finish and may have had an impact in GM falling behind on the elective vitality development. 3. Stale Profitability Seeing GMs benefit we see that they are unquestionably battling regarding the size of their organization. Their net revenue was about 1.5% and the ROE has drastically diminished over the ongoing years dropping to 10% in 2004. This is a circumstance that investors won't be satisfied with. 4. Excessively Dependent on US showcase GM has gotten excessively reliant on the US advertise and should make the most of the chance to grow internationally. The opposition is getting too solid to even consider focusing on only one nation. 5. Excessively Dependent on General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) Financing GM has gotten excessively reliant on its financing program. Conceded it is an extraordinary quality for GM, anyway they by and by can't depend entirely on financing so as to turn benefit, particularly in the event that they need to contend with Honda and Toyota who are quickly developing. 6. Poor Credit Status GMs credit status has like everything else has been consistently declining. Their present proportion is marginally over 1 and their basic analysis is even lower. In spite of the fact that, I dont see them getting denied dependent on their credit now, the earnestness of the issue is surely obvious. Openings Produce eco-friendly, littler, and greater models that can pull in the buyers. Chinese government dense car burdens so as to energize declining deals. In February 2009; refering to declining producing numbers, the State Bank of India diminished financing costs on car credits. Build up or Equip offices to make trend setting innovation vehicles that would get together certain mileage and outflows guidelines. One of the huge open doors is to move assembling to different courtesies so as to deliver sought after vehicles. Assembling should be possible in those nations where the work just as material expense is low. Expansion in other related and disconnected items or moving to the half breed electric motors. The buying intensity of customers is expanding because of end of money related emergency 2007-10. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ The firm can utilize the information that it picked up from Toyota Nummi joint endeavor and Saturn experience. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ It should manufacture its picture and increase more offer in the market with its recently fabricate certainty in regards to the clients. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ New vehicle models and structures ought to be presented remembering the client inclinations, on the grounds that in the car business, the necessities of the client are the legitimate cut focuses that will give benefit whenever concerned gently. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Expansion of their business forms, yet additionally remembering the special impact of

Causes and Effects of the Air France 447 Crash

Circumstances and end results of the Air France 447 Crash Air France Flight 447 was a global, long stretch traveler flight, from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. On first June 2009 the airplane collided with the Atlantic Ocean slaughtering everyone ready. The airplane is thought to have slammed because of brief irregularities between velocity estimations, brought about by the airplanes pitot tubes being obstructed by ice gems. Eventually, the autopilot disengaging and the group responding inaccurately, drove the airplane to a streamlined slow down from which they didn't recuperate (BEA, 2012). The mishap came about because of a mix of components identifying with both the innovation of the airplane and the preparation of the team (BEA, 2012). The mechanical disappointments were: poor criticism instruments, hazy showcase of velocity readings, confounding slow down alerts, nonappearance of visual data and poor signs by the Flight Director. Disappointments in preparing brought about the group; not reacting to the slow down notice, not being prepared in icing of the Pitot tubes and lacking commonsense preparing in physically taking care of the airplane. In addition, incomprehension of the circumstance and poor administration of feelings debilitated the errand sharing capacity of the co-pilots. This mishap has featured various human computerization issues in flying. Robotized flight-control capacities can expel some threat from flying, anyway it likewise changes the exercises, remaining burdens, circumstance mindfulness and aptitude levels of the administrators, which can cause issues (Hodgson, Siemieniuch Hubbard, 2013). The principal issue featured by this mishap is the crew’s change of job from administrator to screen. Flight deck mechanization utilizes the crew’s capacity to play out a uninvolved observing job, as opposed to a functioning working job. One issue related with this is a drop in cautiousness (Mackworth, 1948), which is exacerbated when a framework is exceptionally dependable (Parasuraman, Molloy Singh, 1993). In any case, these mishaps are not human administrator blunders, they are mechanization framework plan mistakes. All the more critically, the accident of Flight 447 was mostly credited because of loss of circumstance mindfulness, perhaps because of pilots playing out a latent checking job. Checking jobs can diminish the circumstance attention to the current â€Å"flying state† of the airplane, just as the familiarity with its anticipated future conduct (Sarter Woods, 1995). Absence of circumstance mindfulness can likewise be a result of complex robotization, for example, a having a confounded flight mechanization framework which can bring about pilot disarray because of poor interface plan. On account of Flight 447 the BEA (2010) report shows that a poor Human Computer Interface had a fundamental influence in the accident. There were various purposes behind this: the Flight Director show was incorrect, along these lines representing a large portion of an inappropriate pitch-up contributions because of an altimeter mistake. Velocity irregularities that had been distinguished by PCs were not obviously shown. Disappointment messages were created yet just indicated the results not the cause of the issue. There was no sign of a blocked pitot tube on the flight shows. There was likewise a nonattendance of Angle of Attack data, which is significant in recognizing and forestalling a slow down. This data was sent to on-board PCs however there were no showcases t o pass on this data. Moreover, as the level and intricacy of robotization builds, the degrees of experience and ability should have been ready to recuperate from a disappointment or unforeseen circumstance have expanded (Hodgson, Siemieniuch Hubbard, 2013). This is on the grounds that there is less time for the administrator to get mindful of and right creating issues. For instance in Flight 447 the team had under three minutes to discover the issue and make a move. Furthermore, on account of airplane, the capacity to recoup from a disappointment or surprising circumstance depends on the groups manual flying capacities as well. In any case, with profoundly mechanized airplanes there is lost manual flying aptitudes experienced by pilots (Wood, 2004). Fanjoy and Young (2005) found that preparation and aircraft approaches on mechanization, frequently lead to an absence of chances to work on bringing about pilot lack of concern just as the weakening of flying abilities. Besides, Young, Fanjoy and Suckow (2006) found that teams who utilized the most flight deck computerization had less fortunate manual flying aptitudes than others. This has suggestions when there is an anomalous circumstance in which the mechanization framework withdraws without earlier notice, as the teams will depend on their manual flying abilities. Besides, robotization will keep up solidness until it is not, at this point conceivable, bringing about the airplane running wild as the flight group assume control over, which means teams need to have great manual flying aptitudes. A further issue with this is computerization increments mental remaining burden during high-load periods (Funk et al, 1999). This outstanding burden issue increments when there are circumstances that need further mental remaining task at hand during an effectively high remaining burden time. When the crew’s remaining burden is high, creating disappointments of the mechanization framework are bound to be permitted to form into a basic circumstance. For instance, if harm has happened or instrumentation has fizzled, the Flight Management System counsel is regularly deceptive or erroneous, and flight teams can be over-burden with a huge measure of data and cautions, making it hard to recognize what the issue is. For instance, the group of the A447 were confronted with in excess of 50 synchronous alarms.One alert after another lit up the cockpit screens. In a steady progression, the autopilot, the programmed motor control framework, and the flight PCs shut themselves off (Traufette r, 2010). This lead to them not having the option to comprehend or recognize what the issue was before it transformed into a basic circumstance, at last completion in catastrophe. The above issue could be expected mechanization being an insufficient group part. Computerization can go about as an ineffectively prepared, incommunicative individual from the system’s team. There is regularly poor cooperation among groups and mechanization frameworks (Norman, 1990), yet there is a requirement for multisensory criticism to teams (Sarter 1999). All together for a group to accomplish a protected degree of shared circumstance mindfulness, the mechanized framework must turn out to be a piece of the team. It needs to do this by conveying its changes so as to keep up shared circumstance mindfulness. Current mechanized frameworks may show alterations on a dial or screen, however they don't normally cause to notice them since they need circumstance familiarity with the â€Å"bigger picture.† Clear correspondence can forestall mishaps. For instance in Flight 447 if there would have been clear correspondence that the pitot tube was solidified then this would hav e prevented the chain of situations from developing. To improve mechanization it is recommended that airplane ought to be made into progressively compelling cooperative people. A humanâ€automation group ought to be characterized as â€Å"the dynamic, related coupling between at least one human administrators and at least one computerized frameworks requiring joint effort and coordination to accomplish fruitful assignment completion† (Cuevas, Fiore, Caldwell Strater, 2007). Current computerization frameworks proceed as deficient colleagues, leaving the human administrators or group ill-equipped when disappointment happens or strange occasions emerge. (Hodgson, Siemieniuch Hubbard, 2013). To improve human-robotization connection, frameworks ought to have the option to exchange and offer control so that collaborating with a framework is progressively similar to associating with a colleague (Scerbo, 2007). Future frameworks, for example, Free Flight, are imagined to have humanâ€automation groups sharing and exchanging undertak ings (Inagaki, 2003) as situational requests change (van Dongen van Maanen, 2005). Such unique circumstances make events where humanâ€automation groups can certainly organize (Rico, Sanchez-Manzanares, Gil Gibson, 2008) on a solely subjective premise (Hoc, 2001). This would empower robotization frameworks to turn out to be acceptable cooperative people. Moreover, great cooperative individuals make their exercises recognizable for individual cooperative people, and are anything but difficult to coordinate (Christofferson Woods, 2002). To be noticeable, robotization exercises ought to be introduced in manners that gain by human qualities (Klein 1998). For instance; they ought to be: Event-based: portrayals need to feature changes and occasions, Future-arranged: Human administrators in powerful frameworks need support for envisioning changes and recognizing what's in store and where to look straightaway and Pattern-based: administrators must have the option to rapidly check shows an d get potential variations from the norm without taking part in troublesome intellectual work. By depending on design based portrayals, mechanization can change troublesome mental undertakings into direct perceptual ones. In general, changes in outstanding task at hand, diminished circumstance mindfulness, decreased administrator abilities, mechanization disappointments and startling practices have caused numerous mishaps in the course of recent decades, including flight 447. Because of these elements, manual recuperation when the computerization framework falls flat is regularly undermined. These issues may have been exacerbated by having a firmly coupled framework. Tight coupling lessens the capacity to recoup from little disappointments before they venture into enormous ones. More tightly coupling between parts spreads impacts all through the framework all the more quickly. This implies issues have more noteworthy and increasingly complex impacts that can spread rapidly. At the point when computerized accomplices are solid, quiet, awkward and hard to immediate, at that point dealing with these requests turns out to be progressively troublesome. The outcome is coordination disappointments and new ty pes of framework disappointment. Right now it is contended that airplane frameworks are just modestly firmly coupled. In any case, aircrafts, for money related reasons, are squeezing for a decrease of flight groups from three (pilot, co-pilot, and designer) to two (pilot and co-pil

The Art of Writing the Perfect Formal Letter

The Art of Writing the Perfect Formal Letter Sometimes it seems like letter writing is a lost art form. Formal letters are becoming a rarity and have been replaced by all sorts of modern communicationâ€"from informal emails to texts to Snapchat. Even though we have come a long way technologically in communicating with each other, its still important to know the basics of writing a formal letter just in case there is an occasion for one. Learning the basics of writing a formal letter can also help us improve communication in the other, more modern ways of writing to each other. Here are some things to remember when you start to write your own formal letter.Why you would need to write a formal letterIn this day and age, you may be wondering why you would even need to write a formal letter. Though it may be a rare occasion in this digital era with its emphasis on abbreviations and getting everything into 140 characters or less, there are still a few times when letter-writing skills can come in handy. For example, in addition to co ver letters there are also grants and applications to universities or even certain jobs that may require a formal written letter, so you want to be prepared when those pop up.You could also write a letter if you have been using a product or service for many years and all of a sudden the product has changed and you become dissatisfied. Though social media is a quick way to get a companys attention, it may not have lasting imprint on them to affect change in the way you want.Another good reason to write a formal letter is if you read an article online or in a newspaper that you disagree with and want to let the editor know your thoughts. This formal letter is called a letter to the editor and often they get published in the publication, so you definitely want to ensure that it is well written and your thoughts are easily understandable.Lastly, you could also make your grandmas whole year by writing her a traditional letter and sending it in the mail, which is another very good reason to know how to write one.Be professional in toneThe very first thing you need to keep in mind when writing a formal letter is to always be professional. Though you can be a little lax about spelling and grammar in emails or social media posts to friends, when you write a formal letter you want to make sure that everything is precise and accurate. Avoid using Internet jargon like LOL or idk. Always be respectful in your language, even if youre trying to convey disagreement or complain about a service or product. Using antagonistic language will never get your point across effectively and may tarnish any chance you have to work together with the person or company to fix the problem.Though its important to be professional, its also important to use language thats relatable. Just because a letter is formal doesnt mean that you need to use overly complicated words that are uncommon. You dont want your letter receiver to have to use a dictionary while reading it because your point may get lost in the midst. Be formal, but not too formal.The basics of the heading and salutationWhen you are writing a formal letter, the first thing you need to do is figure out who you are addressing. If you are writing a letter to the editor, for example, you need to address your letter to the editor-in-chief of the paper. If you are writing a cover letter, then you will need to address the hiring manager that was listed in the advertisement for the job.It is always best to do address a letter with the recipients name. In some cases you may find that you dont have a name to address toâ€"especially in the case of applying blindly to a job advertisement where theres not much info about the hiring manager online. However, you should exhaust all efforts to find the recipients name so that your letter can appear more personal.Once you establish who you are writing the letter to, then you will need to set up a correct heading. Though getting the right heading may not seem all that important, it establishes a rapport with your letter recipient. They know that youve taken the extra steps to get their information correct and will be more likely to read on in the body of the letter.Start out your heading with the senders address, but dont include your name. Below the two lines of your address, put todays date. After you have written out the senders address, put a space of one line and then enter the inside address, or the address of the person or company you are writing to. The inside address will include the recipients name, his or her title, company, and then address. If you are unsure if your recipient is a Miss or a Mrs., then it is always best to use Ms to avoid any embarrassing incidents. If you know that your recipient is a medical doctor or holds a PhD, then be sure to use Dr. before their name.After you have written the inside address, then you will need to write a formal salutation to start off the letter. It is standard to use Dear followed by the recipients nam e. Typically, if you are writing to someone you havent met then its appropriate to write their personal title (Miss, Ms., or Mr.) followed by their last name and then a colon. If you are unsure of a persons gender, then use their first and last name in both the inside address and the salutation.Heres an example of a heading with a proper salutation.Be concise in the body of the letterWhen you write a formal letter, write with purpose. It is likely that your recipient is a very busy person who doesnt have time to read a meandering letter. Know what purpose your letter serves and write about that and that only.After your salutation, skip a line and then start the body. In the first paragraph, give a brief introduction to who you are and why you are writing. After you have established those first important details, the rest of the letter body should be spent explaining what your business is and why they should know or care about it. Using facts and convincing language will undoubtedly be appreciated by your recipient. Be concise, use good language, and be sure to proofread and fact check everything you send in.Closing your letterOnce you have written the body of the letter and you feel you have gotten your business established and your point across with the recipient, then you will need to close it out. After the last body paragraph, skip one line to write the closing. There are many ways to do this, but the generally accepted lines are:Sincerely Yours,Best,Yours Sincerely,Looking forward to hearing from you,Respectfully,After the closing line, skip four lines and then write your full name to sign the letter.Small details to rememberIn addition to making sure your heading, salutation, body, closing, and signature are correct in your formal letter, you should also get the overall look of your letter to be professional as well. Use a standard font, such as Times New Roman, and a standard size, such as 12 point, for formal letters. Anything bigger will make it look like you are trying to take up space and anything smaller will make it difficult on your recipient to read.You should also make sure that your margins are a standard size (around 1 inch) and that you arent using double spaces between lines. Most business letters are left justified and use single spacing throughout, so be mindful of these aesthetic choices in your letter writing.Letter exampleThe following is an example of a formal letter, complete with heading and salutations.6872 Elm Ave.Toledo, OH 43601December 4, 2016Ms. Persephone JohnsonEditor-in-ChiefToledo Daily News456 Editor AvenueToledo, OH 43601Dear Ms. Johnson:I am writing to you today in response to the op-ed piece, Why You Should Absolutely Declaw Your Cat in Thursdays issue of the Daily News. As a longtime cat owner, I was very disturbed by the writers opinion of this delicate subject.Though declawing your cat may seem like the easiest way to prevent your home from being torn to shreds by your kittys claws, the truth is that this is an inhumane practice that many vets are starting to shy away from. To declaw a cat is to remove your kittys naturally given tools. This would be the equivalent of cutting off a humans fingers just so they wouldnt get into too much trouble.Cats without claws are unable to defend themselves against other animals and the surgery provides absolutely no medical benefit to them. The Humane Society is staunchly against declawing cats, except in the cases of medical emergencies such as tumors.Instead of declawing, cat owners should be patient with their feline companions when it comes to unwanted scratching. The truth is that scratching is a very natural behavior of cats, and should not be eradicated from their activities. The owner needs to instead redirect scratching from things like furniture or wood floors to toys and scratching posts. Cats typically scratch when they are bored, so as cat owners we need to make sure they are getting everything they need to live happy, fu lfilled lives.This reader thinks that the writer of this piece should have more thoroughly checked her sources on declawing and the harm that it creates for cats.Respectfully,Gina DavisThe importance of letter writingWhether you are writing a letter to your prospective new boss, you are trying to get a donation for your business or nonprofit, or you are writing a letter to the editor at your local paper, its important to be accurate and confident in your writing. Paying attention to small details like getting the heading correct or using the right salutation will make your letter more credible in the eyes of the recipient. They will automatically assume that you are competent and professional, which will hopefully make them more receptive to what you have to say in the body of your letter.Before you send your letter off to your recipient, have someone look it over. Whether its a friend, colleague, a copy editor, or a teacher, its worth getting someone to proofread, provide suggestio ns on how to improve, and to get feedback on what you have written. Though the formal letter may not be as fun to write as a novel or an op-ed, its am important genre of writing that can accomplish a lot in just a few paragraphs.

The Importance of Numeration and the Application of...

The importance of numeration and the application of counting has been present since the beginning of human intelligence. The usage of numbers has undoubtedly evolved significantly as the needs of society have become more and more complex and specific. The intricate business world calls for extensive record keeping and the appropriate communication of financial information to it’s respective parties, which is why accounting came to be. Accounting is universally known as â€Å"the language of business†; in the modern business world accounting revolves around four main financial statements. These statements are known as: the balance sheet, the income statement, the statement of retained earnings and the statement of cash flow. This however, is modern accounting, it has evolved significantly since it first commenced in ancient civilizations. Its hard to say when accounting exactly began, due to the fact that it is centered around the idea of numbers and keeping track of val ues. Some would argue that accounting began as soon things were numbered and these values were written down, while others believe that it took more regulation and organization of this record keeping in order for it to be officially considered as accounting. It is said that accounting originated in ancient Mesopotamia, its development was parallel to the progression of money, counting and writing, due to the fact that accounting is the combination of all three areas of study. The trading in the mesopotamian

The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay - 1906 Words

Character is built in several different ways. Some may view character as how one handles a certain hectic situation or how well one person treats another. A true definition character contains these elements, but one’s character is built and developed mainly on how one picks and chooses his time to act and his time to wait. This definition refers to restraint and discipline. Gilgamesh and Homer’s The Odyssey uses many instances in which the main characters must use incredible restraint to protect not only themselves, but also the ones they care for and love. Although both stories use this theme of self-control and discipline to develop certain personalities, each one tells a different account of how these characters are viewed by their†¦show more content†¦Since this was the prevailing opinions, the authors, few may it be, tended to define their heroes as men of quick, vicious action. Those who hesitated were run over by those who didn’t. Character was bu ilt based on one’s ability to act quickly and without uncertainty. Gilgamesh was involved in several situations in which he could choose to wait and act later or push forward and complete the task at hand. Gilgamesh’s brother, Enkidu, also did not use restraint in several of his performances. The very first instance of Enkidu doing such is when he is tempted by the harlot. Enkidu is half man and half beast when this happens. â€Å"There he is. Now, woman, make your breasts bare, have no shame, do not delay, but welcome his love†¦ She was not ashamed to take him, she made herself naked and welcomed his eagerness† (Gilgamesh 20). Enkidu did not refrain in the least from leaving his animal ways to go to the tempting woman. When he tried to return to the beast after his six days of passion, they rejected him, for he was now fully human. Because of his lack of will-power, Enkidu lost his life in the wild, but he also gained his life in the manly world. His character as a human was reinforced and was now stronger and wiser than before. A second example of a lack of patience comes from Gilgamesh in his decision to travel into the Cedar Forest and fight the terrible Humbaba. One day, he decides to fulfill his destiny and make a name for himself, and the next day, heShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh And The Epic Of Gilgamesh988 Words   |  4 PagesThe maturation of Gilgamesh and his desire to acquire wisdom throughout his journey is quite apparent. By overcoming difficulties such as upholding Uruk, becoming friends with Enkidu, and various other scenarios, Gilgamesh proves that he did in fact grow up throughout the epic. As the epic starts, Gilgamesh is portrayed as a self-centered, self-admiring leader who believes that he is the only individual that can lead the city of Uruk. Gilgamesh believes that he is a god-like figure and often refersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : Gilgamesh1013 Words   |  5 Pages Gilgamesh in 2015 Even though the epic Gilgamesh is thousands of years old, it is still read today. Why would the era of technology read an epic this old? This is because the themes in Gilgamesh are still relevant. In addition, the themes are experiences that Gilgamesh went through in his life period, and serve as lessons for the current readers. Gilgamesh’s themes include journey, legacy, love, and death. These themes make Gilgamesh a vital reading for the 21st century citizens because peopleRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1194 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian epic poem loosely based on a real king who ruled sometime around 2700 BCE. The standard version of this epic was written in the Akkadian language. In this epic poem, Gilgamesh is King of Uruk, he is one third mortal and two-thirds god; he is described as a strong, arrogant, and unruly king that does not show much consideration for his actions. Gilgamesh is a very egocentric person; he has no res pect for the feelings of others and does not care about howRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† is a didactic story set out to expose the inevitability of death. The true meaning of this story is sometimes overlooked because the story is told in heighten language not easily understood. The epic hero in this story is Gilgamesh; he undertakes a quest for knowledge which is overshadowed by his ignorance. The tragic death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s trusted companion forces the epic hero to change his perception of death. To overcome great obstacles one must be willing to putRead MoreGilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh the lines that are repeated at the beginning and end of the epic show that only immortality a human can gain lies in creating things that last beyond a person’s lifetime. While at the beginning of the epic Gilgamesh is seeking eternal life, when he concl udes his journey he realizes that he has created an enduring legend through the foundation of his city, Uruk. Through this legend, Gilgamesh can live on in the memory of his people, long after he has passed away. The epic is ableRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Epic of Gilgamesh there are many notable relationships but the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is hands down the most noteworthy. When analyzing the relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu there are many factors that go into play. It is really the sole foundation of the whole Sumerian epic and it really changes the whole personality of Gilgamesh. In order to get a better understanding of how the two characters complement each other we have to first break down their individual appearancesRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh876 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Epic of Gilgamesh a young man meets and befriends a wild man named Enkidu. Enkidu, once a man who lived among animal s, became civilized after having sex with a female. From this point on Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s relationship start, but shortly into the novel Enkidu becomes sick and dies. This is the start to Gilgamesh journey in attempting to avoid death by seeking immortality. In his quest Gilgamesh meets several people all who assign different routes to the next person he should speak to.Read MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1400 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh’s point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjectsRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh By Gilgamesh1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh was the earliest surviving written epic that told story of Gilgamesh king of Uruk that was the world first cities that was built along the Tigris and Euphrates River 5,000 years ago. Aruru created the human race, Enkidu and a wild man who roamed the pasture like a gazelle. The epic of Gilgamesh goddesses and scared harlots wild men who cavort in the fields with the gazelles kings who are descended from gods. The Urban Revolution was recognize the elemen ts of our own world byRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesWhile the women in the Epic of Gilgamesh may not be the primary focus of the epic, which instead recounts more of Gilgamesh’s own trials and travails, they still play quite vital roles in their interactions with both Enkidu and Gilgamesh. Women such as Shamhat, Ninsun, and Ishtar in The Epic of Gilgamesh are often portrayed with a particular emphasis on their intrinsic connections to civilization—and in the case of Shamhat and Ninsun, in terms of their motherly characteristics as well—which serves

The Mcnaughten Rule Free Essays

The M’Naghten Rule: 1843 Aspects of the Criminal law in Canada are likely to be traced back several hundred years ago, where the legal system was established in England. Criminal law, derived from public law, includes the subject of criminal defenses, and in a narrower sense, the theory of not being criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder. The theory behind this defense can be traced back to England in the 1840’s. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mcnaughten Rule or any similar topic only for you Order Now This era showcased the influential case of Daniel M’Nagthen. Believed to be a paranoid schizophrenic, M’Naghten shot and killed Edward Drummond, Secretary to the British Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel. M’Naghten was under the delusion that he was being persecuted by Peel who was at the time a strong advocate of the police enforcement system. The case states that Daniel M’Naghten, had shot the Secretary, Edward Drummond, thinking he was Peel and was put on trial for the murder of Edward Drummond. As this stood, M’Naghten pleaded not guilty on the statement that he was mentally ill and having delusions, which had influenced his action to murder Drummond. The court system of England pronounced M’Naghten as not guilty by reason of insanity. The case gave way to the now titled M’Naghten rule claiming that an individual cannot be found guilty on the grounds that he or she is unable to tell the difference between right and wrong (Siegle, McCormick 2010). The M’Naghten rule has set a foundation of defining criminal responsibility and allowed for the introduction of mental disorders and psychological conditions as being able to influence whether or not an individual can be held criminally accountable. There was great public outcry on this verdict which forced the House of Lords to amend the standards for the defense of insanity and resulted in the rule that states: â€Å" every man is to be presumed sane, and that to establish a defense on the grounds of insanity, it must be clearly proved that, at the time of the committing of the act, the party accused was laboring under such a defect of reason, from disease of mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing; or if he did know it, that he did not know he was doing what was wrong (8 Eng. Rep. 718 (1843))†. Criticism for the M’Naghten rule arose because it tended to rely entirely on the defendant’s cognitive ability to â€Å"know† right from wrong. Subsequently, there are also questions about what to do with defendants who can differentiate the wrongfulness they committed but can’t control the impulses to commit them. Combined, these factors either emotional or cognitive can make it difficult for defendants to be found not guilty by reason of insanity. Despite the criticisms, the M’Naghten Rule is still widely applied today in both the Canadian and United States legal system. Evolving a greater understanding of applying the â€Å"insanity defense† leads the way to other methods and theories for understanding and defining mental insanity. Looking into the Biological Trait Theory asks the question as to whether or not individuals can be â€Å"born criminal† (Garofalo, 178). It is known that mental disorders are almost, always genetically based, however diagnosing someone, as having a mental disorder, does not define them as a criminal. This is where behaviour and personality characteristics come into play, indicating a criminal nature. Many biological factors, such as body weight and height are incorporated into creating a stereotype of a criminal, a method called somatyping. It is important to take into account the lifestyle of the accused. Many factors such as the home structure, daily routine, nature and nurturing, education, friends, interest all play an impactful role in either noticing an onset of a mental disorder to noticing the beginning of criminal behavior. Some of these characteristics can come into play as well in the Psychological Trait Theory, focusing on the mental aspect of crime. From a psychodynamic perspective, there are two classifications to describe mental disorder, in individuals who struggle with mental anguish and loss of control of their personality. This can manifest in an individual who experiences neurosis or psychosis. Neurosis is described as being on the borderline between reality and the sense of losing control of your personality, and psychosis is the loss of total control leaving them detached from reality. Psychotic behavior is often marked by bizarre episodes of delusion or hallucinations. It can take on many forms, the most common being Schizophrenia. In a broad sense, the person is left with complete loss of thought control or appropriate emotional responses. They can become paranoid, delusional, hallucinate or withdraw completely from reality. As in the M’Naghten case of 1843, Daniel M’Naghten was thought to be a paranoid schizophrenic, which caused or provoked his violent reaction toward Edward Drummond. Due to the many theories and perspectives about the rooting and origins of mental disorders, it is no wonder why there is such a high correlation between crime and mental illness. Many characteristics of mental illness are also very similar to those categorized as being criminal in nature. The authors of â€Å"Clinical predictions of Self-Mutilation in hospitalized patients† stated that mentally ill individuals are more likely to withdraw or harm themselves than to act aggressively towards others (1994), which begins to ask the question if mentally ill individuals are more criminal than those who are not mentally ill. And, do you have to be mentally ill to commit a crime. This is why criminal cases involving mental illness are hard to defend or hard to prosecute. There does not seem to be a simple direct way to interpret the complete science of these theories. In conclusion, criminal behavior as it relates to understanding the relationship to mental illness is an evolving behavioral science. Nearly 170 years after the M’Naghten Rule was established the legal system in North America is still struggling to find the balance at defining mental insanity. There is significant research to establish that people can be born into crime based on their genetics or the environment and that psychotic behavior can lead to irrational thoughts and feelings that provoke people to do terrible things. The question still exists as to whether individuals from any of these perspectives actually understand if they had intent to commit a crime or understand completely that what they did was wrong. How to cite The Mcnaughten Rule, Papers

President of the United States and President Barack Obama free essay sample

Valises It was New Years Eve and everyone was really happy for a new start. People were celebrating all around the world. But not everyone was the same though. A big party was being held in the White House. The most famous and rich people were there. Talking, drinking and eating the most delicious food ever made. They were definitely having a good time.President Barack Obama was eating his favorite meal which was obviously fried chicken. He was feeling good about himself because the party was turning great. Members of both political parties were there discussing their great ideas for the coming year. It was almost midnight and everyone was ready for their New Years Resolution. Since President Barack Obama was the host of the party he went first. Ladies and gentleman first of all I would like to thank you for Joining me this evening, he began this new year I will do whatever is in my hands to keep this country running, I will also be a better person and be more truthful with everyone in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on President of the United States and President Barack Obama or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He then thought of all those times he had failed, and how many people were suffering from his mistakes. He then passed the microphone to one of the members of the Republican Party. He said, This New Year I will be more positive and hopeful.Showing no hatred whatsoever to the President, even though he wished to vanish him from the world. Everyone seemed to have great Ideas for the coming year. They were really happy or thats what they showed. But like I said, not everyone was enjoying their New Years Eve. Somewhere else In the country a poor family was eating the leftovers from the day before. The poor man wished to provide his family better food but couldnt afford It. HIS New Years Resolution was, This New Year I will be smarted than to believe everything politicians say.

Secret Garden Essays - English-language Films, The Secret Garden

Secret Garden The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett takes place in a dreary Misselthwaite manor in England during the Victorian era. The protagonist is Mary Lennox a selfish and spoilt 11 year old. The other major characters are Master Colin Craven her sickly cousin, Dickon Sowerby the animal charmer, Master Archibald Craven her reclusive uncle, Martha Sowerby a hearty housekeeper, a dour gardener, a cheerful robin and the secret garden. The tone is melodramatic and is told in the third person omniscient. The message about life to be learned from the story is that its never too late to change, no matter how terrible, you can make the best of things. Face the problems instead of cowering from them because if your don't they'll never go away. Have a positive attitude, live life and share it with the people around. Alienating yourself is not the solution. Mary, Colin and Archibald Craven are examples of this. Mary didn't care for anything, she was so spoilt that nothing and no one meant anything to he; she was so used to everybody hating her. Colin is also spoilt and filled with ideas that he's going to die. Archibald is the coward that can't face reality or the hope for a better tomorrow. The one thing they all have in common is negatively, you get the sense that they would rather be dead and in reality it's like they are because they don't care about anything. Mary is tossed around like a rag doll nobody wants; Colin is expecting to die and Master Craven runs from the possibilities of getting to know his son. In The Secret Garden there is person vs. society and person vs. her/himself. In person vs. society Mary is unloved by her parents and by most of those who she encounters. Her parents ignore her existence and leave her to the care of a hateful ayah. After her parents die she moves to live with her uncle and is greeted by Mrs. Medlock who finds her a disagreeable child. She and others don't give Mary a chance; they judge and sentence her. They do the same to Colin; they don't give him hopes of living and expect him to die soon. Person vs. her/himself is found when Mary, Colin and Master Craven have to find the courage to face the harsh world. They all fear this loneliness which they bring amongst themselves by withdrawing themselves from the world The climax in the story would have to be when Mary can't handle Colins tantrums and all his ranting and raving about the lump on his back that's going to kill him. She realizes that the way that Colin acts was the same way she used to be and she sets him straight. She doesn't give in to his hysterics and proves to him that the only lumps on his back are his bones. From that day on things change, Mary tells him about the garden and Colin gets a sudden interest in life. After that Mary takes him to the garden and this view on life changes, he says "I shall live for ever- and ever- and ever." It's a combination of events with the help of different characters that bring this story to its conclusion. But it all starts with Mary's arrival to the manor and her curiosity about the secret garden. Mary was used to being served and being alone, neglected by her parents she becomes bitter. "Full of disagreeable thoughts about her dislikes and sour opinions of people and her determination not to be pleased by or interested in anything." There was no meaning in Mary's life and that's why she was bitter, that changed when she moved to Misselthwaite where she discovers the secret garden with fantastic healing powers. The garden is walled up and has been locked up for years. With the gardener's apprentice, Dickon, Mary coaxes the garden back to life. The garden seems to have a wonderful, magical effect on all those who come into it, allowing Mary to help restore Colin to health and a reunion with his father. It's a story where faith restores health, flowers refresh the spirit and the magic of the garden coming to life after years of neglect brings both Colin and Mary health and happiness. The garden helped Mary regenerate then helped Colin help himself and at last Master Craven. Hope was regained and the loss they had all endued stayed behind in the past.

Weird Rules of Grammar That One Might Not Recognize

Weird Rules of Grammar That One Might Not Recognize Perfect Your Grammar: Weird Rules of Grammar that One Might Not recognize Whether you are that individual who prides himself or herself in good grammar, or a miserable writer of essays searching for a way to improve, this column will offer an introduction to some of the increased rules of grammar that are not usual and those that are important to acknowledge. The following are six common mistakes of grammar that are seen often, not only in essays of undergraduates, but also in publications written by experts like magazines, newspapers, and also best-selling books. Having said this, to follow are some unusual rules of grammar people may not know. That and Which This is a typical oversight that even proficient essayists routinely make. You may figure these two can be utilized reciprocally, yet youd not be right. That is a prohibitive pronoun, so its essential to the thing to which its alluding, for example, I dont confide in second-hand autos that arent almost new. So in this example, I confide in all second-hand vehicles that are about new. Which presents a relative condition that permits insignificant qualifiers, for example I just trust second-hand vehicles that are almost new, which originate from the Ford or Renault carport. So, while that confines, which is utilized to include more detail. Might and May Once more, the vast majority accepts these two words can be utilized conversely; however, there is an unobtrusive distinction in their significance. ‘May infers a plausibility, though might suggests unmistakably more vulnerability. For instance: I may fall over if I drink such wine suggests a decent shot of falling over, however I may begin singing once the karaoke starts infers it isnt so liable to occur. Less and Fewer This is a brilliant case of one of the sentence structure administers in article composing which is regularly broken. Fortunately, its an exceptionally basic one to recollect. Less is saved for speculative amounts, while few and less are held for things you can evaluate. For instance, the firm is less amusing to work for the time being we have less than five representatives. Effect and Affect This one isnt so much a case of an abnormal language structure rule, yet one you completely should know. Both of these words are incredibly normal, yet its stunning what number of individuals misunderstand them. Be that as it may, its, in reality, simple to separate between the two. Effect is quite often a thing, and affect is quite often an action word. So the effect of liquor can be harming depicts the outcome or result of drinking liquor. Affect is utilized to portray the impact or reason for an impression for example liquors influences can be harming. Impactful This doesnt fit into the section of odd syntax rules. Rather, its only a word that is not a word, brought up in the corporate wilderness. Kindly dont utilize it, regardless of how impactful you need to be. Utilizing Coma with Adjectives – Utilize commas to isolate arrange descriptors as in the accompanying: The unkempt, splendid man was constantly troubled. – Do not utilize commas to isolate aggregate descriptors: The long yellow vehicle orbited the manufacturing plant. – Do not utilize a comma when the modifier changes both the thing and alternate descriptive words adjusting it: The late entertaining and liberal Mr. Welby will be painfully missed. – Comma utilization with enlightening descriptive words can likewise be controlled by the class of descriptor, for example, age, estimate, shading, shape, material, source, and general. If different descriptive words from a similar class show up, separate them with a comma: The tragic, broken man fell into the rank, dinky lake.

Seeing the Forests for the Trees Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seeing the Forests for the Trees - Research Paper Example The Jocassee gorge location is on high elevation. The location significantly affects the rainfall due to the Orographic lift. These happen when an air mass is forced from a low to higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain, this accounts for 2,000 feet (609m).As the air gain altitude, it expands and cools raising the relative humidity to 100% hence creating clouds and frequent precipitation. The forest has more than 60 species of rare and endemic plants good for botanist. The forest also has five streams flowing through gorges state park; these streams supply water to the forest over the ridge escarpment. Jocassee Gorges has 125 plants and animal species and its 12 endangered plant and animal species. This plants includes, Pringles aquatic moss and Carolina star moss, other species includes mountain laurel, rhododendron, white pine, red oak, and hickories. Animal species includes fox, wild boar, wild turkey, black bear, and white-tailed deer, and with the highest population of green salamanders. Forest diseases and pest have been a big problem in different countries globally; threatening the lifespan trees in the forest. There are a number of diseases and pest that affect the development of the healthy plants in the forest. Include threats such as those posed by fungal pathogen, Phytophora Rumorum, as noted by (Evans & Webber, 2002) Forest have major threats of diseases such beech bark disease, Dutch elm disease, dogwood anthracnose, larch canker, butternut canker and others such as chestnut bright. In most cases, different diseases and pest attack on forest may vary between certain weather conditions. A forest act as a habitat to many living organisms, some may be destructive to the forest while others are harmful. The forests provide food to different living organism, but if not controlled, the harmful organism can be dangerous to the forest. Diseases constantly must be controlled, and regularly checked in

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW - Essay Example There are interesting facts about Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in a number of fields like agriculture and genetic resources, protection of traditional knowledge, and the role of copyrights in software and the internet. Economists should find the discussion of internet copyrights especially fertile ground for research. For example, various researches raise concerns about the potential for European database protection and copyright-related restraints on fair use of research and teaching materials to limit access of scientists and students in developing countries to electronic materials. At the same time, well-structured copyrights could expand the scope for beneficial price discrimination in such materials. Economists claim that the scholarly discussion about intellectual property has two main weaknesses. First, it takes for granted that file-sharing technologies can be—and are—used for the purposes of producing content as well as consuming it, without articulating explicitly the connections and implications for writing, creativity, and production online. Second, it tends to center too myopically on classroom uses and practices, and too little on public discourse about copyright and intellectual property. While reviewing the scholarly work about authorship Economists states that it falls along three lines of inquiry: authorship as a construct, which archeologically examines the historic formation of the author; digital authorship, which shows how the idea of authorship is called into question when considered in the context of computing and online practices; and authorship â€Å"code,† which critiques corporate authorship and the use of computer code to block access to content (e.g., digital rights management or DRM). (Reyman, 2010) Economists are primarily concerned with the public discourse regarding file sharing, as found in legal briefs, the written opinions of the

When Excessive Force Becomes Police Brutality Sociology Essay

When Excessive Force Becomes Police Brutality Sociology Essay There has been an increase in cases of police brutality in recent times. Many people have been injured or have lost their lives due to police brutality in different places in the world. According to Fitzgerald (2007), police brutality can be defined as instances when the police use excessive force against people when undertaking their duties. Different authors have discussed this issue at length and have documented evidence of police brutality in order to discourage the practice. â€Å"Jill Nelson† who has edited the book â€Å"Police brutality: an anthology† is one such person who has assembled several essays which discuss the issue of police brutality at length in the book. This paper aims at analyzing the book â€Å"Police brutality: an anthology† by Jill Nelson. The paper will address the major issues raised by the authors and their conclusions. It will also critique the book and give a personal evaluation at the end of the paper. Book review: Nelson, J. (2001). Police brutality: An anthology. New York: W.W. Norton Co. Publishers Synopsis The authors discuss the issue of police brutality in the American society at length. Different academics, activists, writers and intellectuals have written essays which discuss the issue of police brutality. They have also linked police brutality to racism in the United States (Nelson, 2001: 44-45). The authors trace the history of police brutality to the slavery period and its practice to the modern day society. They then link the incidences of police brutality with racism. They do this through providing readers with evidence on races which experience most forms of police brutality. These races mainly include the black race, although minority races are also seen to be victims of police brutality. â€Å"Professor Katheryn Russell† explains that the police link the black community to cases of criminal activities (Nelson, 2001: 10). It is on this basis that the police use brutality when dealing with the black race. Most of the essays which are discussed in the book share certain features and these are explained as follows; the first is that most of the interactions between the police and minority groups feature abuse of police powers though this is often not noticed. The second feature is that investigative profiling has been taken advantage of by the police to harass young black males. Since there is a perception that most criminals are black, the police take advantage of that to stop and harass many young black people (Nelson, 2001: 43-46). Finally, the book gives recommendations on what should be done to discourage police brutality. Different authors give different suggestions on the issue. Some authors view tougher laws against police brutality as the solution to the problem. Others view more cooperation between the public and the police force as the solution to the problem of police brutality. Summary of book The book begins by giving a historical overview of cases of police brutality over the years. Several cases, most of which occurred in the 1990s are briefly discussed. These include the brutal murder of Amadou Diallo and beating of Abner Louima in New York. Amadou Diallo was shot nineteen times by four New York police officers even though he was unarmed. Abner Louima on the other hand was severely assaulted and sodomized with a broken broom by New York police officers. This happened after he engaged them in a confrontation (Holmes Smith, 2008: 3). The authors analyze the issue of police presence around the black community from the slavery era to the modern times. Historically, there are several instances where police descended on black people using excessive force. During 1900, police beat up black men due to a rumor that a white policeman had been murdered by a black man. The authors explain that police brutality usually involves beatings and use of pepper sprays. It also involves the use of defamatory language and other forms of excessive force when the alleged crime and perpetrator does not warrant the use of the same according to the principle of ‘use of reasonable force. However, there is another aspect to police brutality which is usually ignored. This occurs when racism is committed, and other officers act indifferently, or do not take any measures to prevent police brutality. According to Banks (2004: 44-47), these officers are similarly guilty of police brutality. The authors acknowledge that in recent times, the issue of police brutality over the black population, especially in instances where black policemen and women mete out violence against the black community, is becoming an issue of concern to the white population. This is especially due to the perception that police brutality is a threat to democracy. In conclusion, some authors such as â€Å"Derrick Bell† give suggestions on how the issue of police brutality should be tackled. These include community policing which makes all races have confidence in the ability of the police to perform their work effectively. It involves mutual partnership between the general public and the police. The authors also suggest hiring more black policemen in order to give the black race confidence in the efficiency of the police force and reduce fear of police harassment. Other remedy techniques include mediation when solving complaints by the public against the police, as opposed to only punishing guilty police officers. This is effective since mediation ensures that the two parties have a cordial relationship. Finally, some authors are of the opinion that tougher laws which curb police brutality ought to be passed in order to discourage the practice and restore confidence in the police force. Critique All of the contributors to the articles are either academics, activists, writers, intellectuals or police officers. These are people who have knowledge and experience on the issues which they discuss (Greene, 2006: 890-896). Since they are experts in their own fields, this means that the information which is presented in the book is highly credible. The fact that the information discussed is supported by facts increases the validity of the conclusions made. It also reduces the instances of errors. The research carried out is elaborate, and unlike many other books which rely on secondary research, many facts stated in the book originate from past historical events which are factual and well known. However, it is important to note that all secondary information sources have certain weaknesses. There is a likelihood of bias and error which originates from the researchers. If any of the contributors to the essays was biased in passing judgment or making conclusions, then the bias will be replicated in the book and conclusions made may be inaccurate. However, since the contributors are credible people, chances of such bias occurring are very low. One weakness which may be seen in this book is that it appears to have a one-sided argument. The authors appear to give more weight in instances where police use brutal force against the black race. She therefore neglects cases where brutal force is used against the white race and other races (Cothran, 2001: 64-65). Some people view the cases of police brutality over the black race as isolated cases. These should therefore not be used to generalize the trend as the general police behavior. After all, there are many cases of police brutality when dealing with the white race. In other cases black people are treated similarly to other races. Personal Evaluation Police brutality is a problem which has been experienced over several generations. Although there are arguments that the book may be one sided and biased against the white race, there is evidence that information presented is true. The number of incidences of police brutality against the black race compared to that against the white race points to bias against the black race. It is true that many policemen and women treat all races equally when undertaking their duties. However it is equally impossible to deny that there is a significant proportion which is biased over the black population and this is something which has been observed historically In order to rectify this problem, more needs to be done to restore confidence by the black community on the fairness of the police. There needs to be more cooperation between black people and white police officers in order for this vice to be broken. This can be achieved through community policing as well as mediation of disputes between the black race and the police (Gerdes, 2004: 184-187). In order to prevent a few rogue policemen and women from tarnishing the name of the police force, tough laws need to be passed in order to discourage police brutality over any race. In my opinion, the book is suitable for a wide range of audience. Students especially in law will find the book very useful since it will present weaknesses which are present in the current justice system. The book will also be very useful to law makers since it provides them with information on weaknesses in the justice system. It will also give them information on racism and this may guide them in making future laws which govern justice. The general public will also find the book insightful since it will present a link between police brutality and racism. This is a perspective which is important to understand if racism is to be eliminated from the American society. References Banks, C. (2004). Criminal justice ethics: theory and practice. New York: SAGE Cothran, H. (2001). Police brutality: opposing viewpoints. Michigan: Greenhaven Press Fitzgerald, S. (2007). Police brutality. Michigan: Greenhaven Press Gerdes, L. I. (2004). Police brutality. Michigan: Greenhaven Press Greene, J. R. (2006). The encyclopedia of police science. Washington: CRC Press. Holmes, M. D. Smith, B. W. (2008). Race and police brutality: Roots of an urban dilemma. New York: SUNY Press Nelson, J. (2001). Police brutality: An anthology. New York: W.W. Norton Co. Publishers

The Role of Internal Audit in UAE Companies

When oil was discovered in 1950s in the UAE, an economic system which was to a great extent dependent on fishing and worsening pearling industry, the state has undergone drastic transmutation owing to the socio-economic alterations taking topographic point. The chief export of the state is of oil and gas. Today, UAE ranks 8th in the list of top 10 premier oil bring forthing states in the universe, bring forthing about 3.1 million barrels per twenty-four hours. It is besides the 3rd largest oil manufacturer in the universe. In the UAE, fluctuations in the oil monetary values have been diminished due to variegation and hence, because of the oil resources of the state, people by and large enjoy high criterions of life. With the development of oil industry in the UAE, a big figure of foreign workers are seeking the occupation chances that exist in the underdeveloped state. ( Dorish, 2010 ) The chief ground that I am interested in this country is because it is extremely related to my calling ends and aims. Researching this subject at this point might turn out to be a large measure frontward in order to accomplish my purpose as the oil industry in UAE is spread outing by springs and bounds. In any concern determination, hazard is an unconditioned consideration. So, attempts are being made in the field of hazard direction patterns in the oil and gas industry, with a focal point on fiscal and regulative hazards. And late, operational hazards have been on the precedence list of companies across the universe. They intend to pull off, proctor and extenuate all the hazards in a co-ordinated manner. Harmonizing to a recent Ernst & A ; Young Report, entree to militias has been identified as the premier concern hazard for the oil and gas sector, others including uncertainness around energy policy, monetary value volatility, human capital shortages and many more.Purposes and AimsAs mentioned above, the oil industry is extremely susceptible to operational hazards. Internal auditing can help the top direction of a company to place the possible hazards related to their operations and the steps that could be taken to command them efficaciously. The purpose of set abouting this resear ch survey is to concentrate on the importance of internal audit in hazard direction in oil companies. As UAE is a portion of the GCC states, it has a joint aim with the other states of GCC to further technological and scientific advancement of the oil industry. Hence, there is a big potency for oil companies in the state. Hence, this survey would concentrate on the oil companies that are positioned in UAE. Besides, the strength of this industry would supply a ambitious undertaking for internal audit of the same. Based on the above purpose, the following aims can therefore be framed: To happen out the significance of internal audit in oil companies. To set up a correlativity between internal audit and hazard direction in oil companies. To happen out the oil companies on which this internal audit can be done. To happen out the betterment in the aim of GCC states by holding internal audit to better their technological and scientific advancement in the oil industry.Overview of reappraisal of the relevant literatureGlobally, many enterprises are being taken by regulative organic structures across the universe to stress the importance of scrutinizing in any concern. To help the directors, hearers and the IT users, the Information Systems Audit and Control Association ( ISACA ) and the IT Governance Institute ( ITGI ) , in 1996, created a set of best patterns framework aa‚ ¬ † the Control Objectives for Information and related Technology ( COBIT ) . It is a set of by and large accepted steps, indexs, procedures and best patterns which help them to optimise the benefits of utilizing information engineering, and to develop appropriate IT administration and control in the company. Besides, to patronize the National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, a voluntary private se ctor organisation, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations ( COSO ) , was formed in 1985. Internal scrutinizing in any industry is carried out in assorted legal and cultural environments depending on the organisation. These organisations may differ in footings of intent, size, complexness, and construction.[ 1 ] Any sort of internal auditing is done by the persons within or inside the organisation. However, there might be differences in the manner internal auditing is carried out due to the organisational environment. Despite these differences, it is necessary that these patterns should conform to the IIAaa‚ ¬a„?s International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing ( Standards ) .[ 2 ]This conformation is indispensable in order to run into the duties of internal hearers and the internal audit activity. The chief intent of these criterions is to sketch the basic rules stand foring the pattern of internal auditing and supply a model for executing and advancing a wide scope of value-added internal auditing. These criterions besides set up the footing for the rating of internal audit public presentation and at the same time are intended to cultivate improved organisational procedures and operations. ( The Insitute of Internal Auditors, 2010 ) A figure of writers have argued on the benefits of transporting out an audit of the house. Kuhn and Figgins ( 1994 ) explained that it helps to find the root cause of jobs bing in concern operations. Efficient use of resources of the company which consequences in cost decrease has besides been argued as a benefit by Drew ( 1993 ) . Preventing concern hazards and developing programs and schemes has been besides stated as a benefit by Donaldson ( 1993 ) . Campbell, Goold and Alexander ( 1995 ) and Simpson ( 1995 ) besides discuss the importance of scrutinizing in strategic decision-making which requires company resource information capablenesss so that assorted alternate actions can be identified and supported. ( Wendy Fenwick, 2009 ) Merely to hold a hint of the importance of internal auditing in oil based companies, there are a figure of formalistic preparation plans designed for a hebdomad to cary it out. These audits have been organized by mistieurope in the yesteryear. They can be of critical aid in understanding the hazards asscoaited with the concern, understanding the procurance map, understanding the auditing undertakings etc. Hence, there surely is a large potency for carry oning internal audit for hazard direction of the oil companies in UAE.MethodologyBasically, this research would be done by both secondary and primary research methods. As oil is a extremely ruling sector in UAE ( the state is the 8th largest maker of oil in the universe )[ 3 ], a batch has been published on the Internet. This would assist in understanding the hazards associated with the same and farther aid in carry oning the internal audit. A few of the forums which have information on the same are Khaleej, The Gulf and Factoidz. The nest research to be done in this class would be primary research. Taking interviews is a time-taking every bit good as expensive matter. Hence, questionnaire distribution in a simple random sample amongst oil companies ( including direction and employees ) , can be done. Further, based on the formed hypothesis, z-test can be used to happen out the proof of the research. Proposed Timetable A Gantt chart is being shown below to show the possible timeline of the undertaking. The chart clearly depicts assorted stages of the undertaking life rhythm and the time/ month during which a peculiar stage of the undertaking will be implemented. It can be viewed in the MS-Project file attached with the physician.

Policies and procedures to promote positive behaviour Essay

Prepare and deliver a presentation for the induction of new support workers on promoting positive behaviour in the school. Policies and procedures to promote positive behaviour TGA’s behaviour policies include: Golden Rules which are on the website and on display in all classrooms, the Behaviour and anti bullying policies. We also have certain procedures to support and encourage positive behaviour, these are: Golden Time –  ½ hour Friday afternoon Praise from adults (smiley faces, stickers etc.) Positive contact with parents (a postcard or phone call home) â€Å"Vivo† tokens, trophy and/or cash prize Individual treat (given time on favourite activity, etc.) Group treat (to be given use of special resource, to line up first etc.)   Class treat (few minutes extra play, time on chosen activity, class celebration) Additional class reward schemes are at the discretion of the class teacher We have a clear procedure for dealing with issues which staff follow. There are several steps beginning with a verbal warning and escalating steps by step. At each stage the child is reminded that their behaviour is a choice and given the opportunity to change it. By using these methods the children know the expectations, boundaries and sanctions. They are rewarded for positive behaviour. The children have a say in setting the rules. They are expected to listen to others to learn about the impact of their behaviour. Children know the expected results of their choice of behaviour, i.e. good choices equal rewards and poor choices equal sanctions. Children will naturally try to push boundaries, in order to feel safe and secure, they need to know what the limits are. Consistency is key, so that the children are not confused, they know the boundaries and respect them as they know they will be enforced. Consistency will also stop situations where the children insist ‘Well Mrs X lets us do it’. Promoting positive behaviour – not only is it much nicer to deal with positive behaviour, but studies have shown that it is effective and the good behaviour will be repeated. Rewarding negative behaviour with attention is counterproductive and does not add to a child’s emotional well-being. It’s the school’s job not only to educate in the classroom but to take a holistic approach to and turn out well round, productive members of society. If we want to be treated with  respect, we must show respect to others and set a positive example. Managing inappropriate behaviour – knowing when to seek assistance and from whom is very important. If you feel that you can’t manage a situation, get assistance. This could be if a child is ignoring repeated, calm instruction or behaving unpredictably. If there is a danger, to children, self or staff, get help, eg if a child is becoming violent or threatening violence or if a child is trying to do something that may result in harm (leave school grounds, using equipment in a dangerous manner). Obviously not all behaviour that requires intervention will be that dramatic, sometimes it may be necessary to involve the class teacher or senior leadership for other matters, such as the destruction of property (defacing equipment, tearing books, etc), especially if it’s a recurring problem and any kind of violence, racism or homophobia. If a certain type of behaviour is persistent, refer it to the SENCO or the class teacher – minor but persistent rudeness, inability to pay attention, trouble getting on with classmates, etc. All inappropriate behaviour must be recorded on SIMS so that it can be monitored and interventions can be put in place if necessary.

Customer Service Services And Services - 1232 Words

THE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION OF THE (INITIAL) SERVICE THE BUSINESS WILL BE BUILT The initial service that ShopOPS is built on, is a cloud-based Point-of-sale offering for retail and convenience store operators. The service is constructed to perform heavy processing for store operations in a multi-tenant cloud environment. Key operations would consist of credit card processing, B2B real-time transaction interfaces, back-office accounting and reporting and customer portal offerings for ecommerce services and mobile applications. In terms of equipment needed on premises, it could be the customers own provided equipment for POS process (Cash draw, tablet interface, receipt printer, barcode scanner). To engage in the convenience store market, a†¦show more content†¦Reduction of on-site equipment, drastically reduces POS and back office equipment footprint in stores Provides for distributive processing and access. Allows for larger retailers to access store information directly and in real-time without the need of costly network and custom interfaces. Provides for better onsite management, user-customizable dashboards and interfaces to see individual, regional or national store operations. Easier and faster standards compliance (ability to comply with PCI-DSS, SOX, EMV and other regulatory controls and requirements) . INITIAL PRICING MODEL Standard Retail Basic - $70.00/month (1-register, 5 users, unlimited services, single-site operation) Advanced - $99/month (1-register, unlimited users, unlimited services, single-site operation) Multi-outlet - $250/month (2-registers, unlimited users, unlimited services, unlimited customers) Additional Registers – ($45/month per unit) Convenience Store Retail Basic - $99.00/month (1-register, 1-dispenser/gateway Interface (16 fueling points), 5 users, unlimited services, single-site operation) AdvancedShow MoreRelatedCustomer Service Services And The Service Sector2162 Words   |  9 PagesSince+ the global economy embraced customer service, issues regarding levels of customer service have become more prominent in service organisations. Even now there are organisational managers with no training or knowledge of how organisations in the service sector require a high level of customer service. 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